Vaccine News

Vaccine news brought to you by Precision Vaccinations.

Oct 1, 2024 • 5:05 am CDT
UK NHS

Moderna, Inc. today announced that the first participant in the U.S. has been dosed in the Nova 301 Trial, a pivotal Phase 3 randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an investigational norovirus vaccine, mRNA-1403.

As of October 1, 2024, no U.S. FDA-approved norovirus vaccines are available.

"Norovirus is a significant public health concern that affects millions of people worldwide each year, leading to severe symptoms and, in some cases, hospitalization," said Stéphane Bancel, CEO of Moderna, in a press release.

Enteric viruses, including norovirus, are a leading cause of diarrheal diseases, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among young children and older adults.

Norovirus is highly contagious and a leading cause of diarrheal disease globally, associated with 18% of all AGE, resulting in approximately 200,000 deaths per year and substantial healthcare costs.

The Nova 301 Phase 3 trial is a randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1403. The trial aims to enroll approximately 25,000 participants 18 years of age and older globally, including in countries in the Northern Hemisphere (U.S., Canada, UK, Japan), the equatorial region, and the Southern Hemisphere (Australia and countries in South America).

Approximately 20,000 participants 60 years of age and older and 5,000 participants between 18 and 59 years of age will be enrolled to assess the investigational vaccine's ability to protect against moderate to severe norovirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in adults, with a focus on the older age group that is at the highest risk of severe outcomes, including hospitalization.

Oct 1, 2024 • 3:30 am CDT
US CDC RSV trends Sept. 27, 2024

For the first time in the United States, 55.8% of infants were protected by two approved immunization methods last year against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections.

According to survey results published in a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (73(38);837–843) on September 26, 2024, 33% of eligible pregnant women reported receiving an RSV vaccination. Most vaccinated women (54.1%) reported receiving the vaccine at an obstetrician or gynecologist's office.

Among women with an infant, 45% reported that their infant received the passive immunization Beyfortus™ (nirsevimab). However, the availability of Beyfortus was limited during the 2023–24 RSV season, creating access challenges and clinical confusion.

Overall, 14.2% of infants were protected by both products.

Furthermore, about 50% of pregnant women did not report receiving a provider recommendation for maternal RSV vaccination or nirsevimab, indicating missed opportunities to protect infants from RSV disease.

These researchers wrote this survey's findings 'underscore the importance of a strong provider recommendation for immunization during the 2024-2025 RSV season.'

As of September 27, 2024, the U.S. CDC's latest RSV data indicates the current RSV season has started slowly but is anticipated to peak in December/January 2025.

The CDC encourages at-risk groups to protect themselves against RSV this winter.

Sep 30, 2024 • 1:55 pm CDT
Google Maps Sept. 30, 2024

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health is investigating another case of locally acquired Dengue in a Panorama City resident. The person had no history of travel to areas where Dengue is endemic.

This case of local transmission is not related to the cluster of 3 cases in the City of Baldwin Park on September 18, 2024.

About 55 miles are separating these cities.

Long Beach and Pasadena previously confirmed cases of locally acquired Dengue in fall 2023.

Although Aedes mosquitoes are common in LA County and can spread the dengue virus, almost all previously reported dengue cases in LA County have been associated with travel to a country where Dengue is endemic.

“We are seeing the local dengue transmission unprecedented in Los Angeles County. Preventing mosquito bites and mosquito breeding is the best way to stop the ongoing local transmission of Dengue,” said Muntu Davis, MD, MPH, Los Angeles County Health Officer, in a press release.

As of September 30, 2024, Public Health has reported four cases of locally acquired Dengue. These local transmission cases are extremely rare in LA County, and residents are urged to take proactive steps to prevent mosquito breeding and bites.

The U.S. CDC reported that 50 jurisdictions, led by Florida, New Jersey, New York, and Puerto Rico, had reported over 5,300 dengue cases this year.

Sep 30, 2024 • 11:52 am CDT
U.S. CDC measles map Sept. 2024

Over the past year, 57 countries and the United States have reported increasing measles outbreaks.

For example, during the most recent 12-month period, 30 EU/EEA Member States reported 18,449 cases of measles. Romania (12) and Ireland (one) reported thirteen deaths attributable to measles to the European CDC during the 12 months.

 Most of these European measles cases were in children (71%) and unvaccinated (87.1%).

The majority of measles cases imported into the United States occur in unvaccinated U.S. residents who become infected during international travel. In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 264 measles cases nationwide in 32 jurisdictions in 2024. 

Led by the cities of Chicago and Minneapolis, there have been 13 outbreaks (3+ cases) reported in 2024. For comparison, 4 outbreaks were reported during 2023.

From a disease prevention perspective, the CDC says travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure or have not had measles in the past and travel internationally.

Various vaccines are available to protect people from this infectious virus. Most clinics and pharmacies in the U.S. offer measles vaccination services.

Sep 30, 2024 • 5:00 am CDT
US CDC

With eight fatalities and numerous infections reported, the Republic of Rwanda's Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak has raised global alarms as the origin of these infections has yet to be determined.

Since September 29, 2024, Rwandan health authorities have reported 26 confirmed cases in seven of the country's 30 districts.

Additionally, 161 people who came into contact with the reported cases have been identified and are being monitored. Staff at two hospitals in Kigali, home to about 1.7 million residents, are also being evaluated.

In support of the ongoing efforts, the World Health Organization (WHO) is mobilizing expertise, outbreak response tools, and emergency medical supplies to reinforce the control measures rolled out to curb the virus.

The WHO says illness caused by Marburg infections begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache, and severe malaise. Many patients develop severe hemorrhagic symptoms within seven days. The virus is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads among humans through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected people, surfaces, and materials.

"We're rapidly setting all the critical outbreak response aspects in motion to support Rwanda halt the spread of this virus swiftly and effectively," said Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa, in a press release on September 28, 2024.

WHO is also coordinating efforts to reinforce collaborative cross-border measures for readiness and response in countries neighboring Rwanda to ensure timely detection and control of the virus to avert further spread.

As of September 30, 2024, the WHO has not issued a travel alert regarding this Marburg outbreak. However, Rwanda is included in the clade I mpox outbreak in Africa.

Since 1967, when MVD was first recognized in a German lab spillover event, countries such as DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Serbia, South Africa, Tanzania, Yugoslavia, Uganda, and Rwanda have confirmed cases.

The WHO is coordinating a consortium of experts to promote the preclinical and clinical development of vaccines and therapeutics against MVD.

In March 2022, the WHO R&D Blueprint team defined the Strategic Agenda for Filovirus Research and Monitoring to establish research priorities for developing vaccines targeting filovirus diseases during the next decade.

While no product has been approved yet, one innovative Marburg vaccine candidate has progressed in 2024.

Public Health Vaccines, LLC launched its Phase 1 clinical trial (NCT06265012) in March 2024 to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of its single-dose PHV01 (rVSV∆G-MARV-GP [Angola]) vaccine. The PHV01 vaccine is leveraging the proven recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector platform initially developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada.

The U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) has funded this vaccine research. If PHV01's development continues to succeed, BARDA has the option to provide up to $72 million in funding to continue development through Phase 2 clinical testing.

Update: As of September 30, 2024, Rwanda reported its 9th Marburg-related fatality.

Sep 29, 2024 • 2:43 pm CDT
US CDC Travel Health Notice Sept. 25, 2024

A recent study stressed the possible underestimation of Oropouche Fever (OF) cases and the potential global threat this arbovirus infection represents.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently confirmed multiple cases of Oropouche in U.S. and European travelers returning from travel to Cuba, indicating an ongoing risk.

In the United States, Florida has reported 70 Oropouche cases in individuals with a travel history to an endemic area such as Cuba. The counties reporting cases are Broward (3), Duval, Hillsborough (6), Lee (2), Miami-Dade (28), Orange (2), Palm Beach (2), Pasco, Polk (2), and Sarasota.

As of September 29, 2024, the CDC has issued a Level 2 Travel Health Notice (THN) focused on Cuba's expanding Oropouche outbreak.

The CDC has issued a Level 1 THN for the Region of the Americas, identifying 37 areas at risk in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and Peru.

Travelers to these affected areas should take steps to prevent insect bites, as the bite of infected midges and mosquitoes spreads Oropouche. This illness can occur in people of any age and is often mistaken for dengue fever.

Oropouche Virus (OROV; genus of Orthobunyavirus) is the causal agent of OF. Due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the limited availability of diagnostic tests, the actual epidemiology of OROV infections remains elusive.

While most infected people recover, there were also concerns about an increase in possible cases of the Oropouche virus being passed from a pregnant person to their fetus associated with fetal deaths and congenital abnormalities. 

The CDC has confirmed no specific treatment or preventive vaccine for Oropouche exists.

Sep 29, 2024 • 5:46 am CDT
UK FCDO Sept. 2024

The U.K. Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) recently issued a travel alert advising against all but essential travel to parts of Peru.

As of September 29, 2024, the FCDO posted new information regarding the Oropouche virus disease (OROV) and Yellow Fever outbreaks this year.

There is also a risk of infection when visiting Peru with Malaria and Zika virus through mosquito bites.

Over 2 million people visit Peru annually, visiting places such as Machu Picchu.

To alert international travelers to these health risks, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reissued a Level 1 Practice Usual Precautions, Travel Health Advisory on September 25, 2024. The CDC advisory states that Oropouche fever is spread through the bites of infected midges (flies) and Culicoides paraenesis mosquitoes.

Seperately, a Level 2 Travel Health Notice has been issued for Oropouche outbreaks in Cuba.

While there are no specific medications or vaccines to prevent OROV, the risk of infection can be minimized by following bite avoidance measures when visiting areas with the infection. Treatment for Oropouche virus disease is supportive.

The FCDO and the U.S. CDC recommend that visitors to Yellow Fever endemic areas such as Peru and Brazil be vaccinated.

In the U.S., Sanofi Pasteur's YF-VAX® vaccine is offered at certified travel clinics and pharmacies.

Sep 28, 2024 • 1:43 pm CDT
US CDC Sept. 27, 2024

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today reported that the number of respiratory illnesses (fever plus cough or sore throat) causing people to seek healthcare is low nationally.

'While we expect this (Northern Hemisphere) flu season's peak hospitalization rate to be similar to or lower than last year's, the CDC says there is still a risk of a higher peak rate, underscoring the need to consider this possibility in planning and preparedness activities.'

On August 29, 2024, the CDC confirmed that all flu vaccines for the 2024-2025 season will be trivalent. Most (91%) will be thimerosal-free or thimerosal-reduced vaccines.

From an availability perspective, over 87 million flu shots have already been distributed and are available at clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.

As of September 27, 2024, vaccinations to prevent respiratory virus infections have started for the 2024-25 flu season, with 9.6% of adults reporting receipt of a flu shot.

Sep 28, 2024 • 5:57 am CDT
Texas DSHS bat rabies map 2024

The Minnesota Department of Health today announced it is investigating a human rabies death in a person who had exposure to a bat in western Minnesota in July 2024. This is Minnesota’s fourth case of human rabies since 2000.

This new rabies case is an essential reminder that bats can spread the virus and that the public should avoid contact with them. Bats with rabies are found in all U.S. states except Hawaii.

Recently, a resident of Brantford-Brant, Ontario, Canada, was also confirmed with bat-bite transmitted rabies.

And in Texas, numerous bats have been confirmed with rabies in 2024.

Globally, rabies continues to claim about 59,000 lives annually, with Africa shouldering over 60% of these fatalities. Dogs, not bats, cause most rabies infections worldwide.

According to the U.S. CDC, rabies treatment (vaccines) has proven to be nearly 100% effective at preventing the disease after exposure, but it must be started before symptoms of rabies appear.

Left untreated, rabies is almost always fatal.

The CDC establishes recommendations for international travelers by evaluating the risk of rabies exposure and access to high-quality postexposure prophylaxis (PEP, including rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine) in each destination country.

Bavarian Nordic's RabAvert® vaccine is offered at many travel vaccine clinics and pharmacies in 2024.

Sep 28, 2024 • 4:33 am CDT
Google Maps Sept. 2024

According to new data, the measles outbreak in Minnesota's Twin Cities metro area appears to be slowing down. Last week, the Minnesota Department of Health reported only one measles case.

As of September 27, 2024, there have been 59 confirmed measles cases in Minnesota, primarily in Hennepin County (45).

This outbreak began in May 2024 and has mainly affected unvaccinated children, like the previous outbreaks in Chicago (64) and Broward County (10) in Florida.

The U.S. CDC has reported 264 measles cases nationwide in 32 jurisdictions so far this year.

Worldwide, the CDC has identified 56 countries reporting measles outbreaks as of September 24, 2024.

From a disease prevention perspective, various vaccines are available to protect people from this infectious virus. Most clinics and pharmacies offer measles vaccination services.

Sep 27, 2024 • 3:41 pm CDT
Google Maps Sept. 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) today announced its influenza vaccine strain recommendations for the Southern Hemisphere's 2025 flu season. The WHO makes these recommendations twice yearly, once for each hemisphere.

The WHO recommends manufacturers produce trivalent (three-strain) vaccines for the Southern Hemisphere's upcoming flu season.

"The periodic update of viruses contained in influenza vaccines is necessary for the vaccines to be effective due to the constantly evolving nature of influenza viruses, including those circulating and infecting humans," the WHO wrote on September 27, 2024.

From February through August 2024, the WHO reported influenza activity was detected in all transmission zones. Overall, detections were higher compared to the same reporting period in 2023, primarily due to higher detections in the Americas.

According to Google Maps, the Southern Hemisphere is the half of the Earth below the equator. It includes Antarctica, Australia, and parts of Africa, Asia, and South America.

As of September 2024, the flu season in the United States has been reported as mild, and millions of flu shots have already been delivered to local health clinics and pharmacies.

Sep 27, 2024 • 3:22 pm CDT
Malaria - Anthropology | Binghamton University

Leaders from Africa convened during the 79th United Nations General Assembly on September 25, 2024, calling for a concerted effort against a “Perfect Storm” threatening to derail decades of progress in the fight against Malaria in Africa.

The leaders identified vital challenges contributing to this perfect storm, including significant financial shortfalls and the growing resistance to insecticides and antimalarials. 

"To secure $6.3 billion annually (is needed) to achieve malaria elimination, accelerated action is necessary," stated His Excellency Abderaman Koulamallah, Minister of State, Minister of Foreign Affairs, African Integration, Republic of Chad, in a press release.

These leaders stated that if malaria resources stagnate between 2027 and 2029, there could be an additional 112 million malaria cases and up to 280,700 related fatalities.

While the United States reports very few locally acquired malaria cases, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says millions of residents travel to countries (Africa) where Malaria is present.

During 2024, most malaria cases in the U.S. were related to international travelers in Miami, Florida, and Los Angeles, California.

Of imported malaria cases in the U.S., 59% were among persons who had traveled from Africa. 

From a prevention option, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends both the Mosquirix™ (RTS,S/AS01) and R21 / Matrix-M™ malaria vaccines.

These malaria vaccines were added to the WHO list of prequalified vaccines and are available in Africa but not the U.S. 

Sep 27, 2024 • 2:47 pm CDT
UK. gov 2024

According to local media Taarifathe Rwanda Ministry of Health reported its first Marburg virus disease outbreak today.

As of September 27, 2024, Rwanda's communique stated a 'few' Marburg cases are being investigated. The Ministry added that the situation is closely monitored and that further updates will be provided regularly.

Like Ebolavirus, Marburg virus disease is highly virulent and causes hemorrhagic fever, with a fatality ratio exceeding 80%.

Marburg cases were first recognized in 1967 in West Germany and Serbia. 

As of September 2024, Angola, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea,  Cameroon, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Serbia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda have previously confirmed Marburg cases. 

The World Health Organization published the Marburg virus vaccine development landscape on February 13, 2023. While various vaccine candidates conduct clinical research, no approved vaccines prevent Marburg virus infections.

Unlike Marburg, approved vaccines that prevent and treat Zaire Ebola disease are available in 2024.

Sep 27, 2024 • 8:59 am CDT
2024 NFID Annual News Conference

A recent survey revealed some cognitive dissonance among Americans. While 67% of those polled agreed that annual flu vaccination is the most effective way to prevent flu-related hospitalizations, many still refuse to get vaccinated. 

Last flu season, about 48% of U.S. adults received an influenza vaccination. 

"The single most important thing folks can do to protect themselves as we get into fall and winter is get vaccinated,” said Mandy Cohen, MD, MPH, director for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), during a news conference on September 25, 2024.

"I wouldn't recommend something to the American people that I wouldn't recommend for myself, family, and loved ones," added Dr. Cohen. 

Results from this national survey of adults on vaccination attitudes and behaviors were highlighted at the 2024 National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Annual News Conference. 

As of September 20, 2024, 78.12 million flu shots had been distributed to healthcare providers and pharmacies for the 2024-2025 season. Last season, over 158 million were distributed in the U.S.

Sep 26, 2024 • 10:41 am CDT
Africa CDC 2024

Bavarian Nordic A/S announced an agreement with UNICEF to supply 500,000 MVA-BN® mpox vaccines for African countries impacted by the mpox clade 1 outbreak. 

Under the agreement, UNICEF will procure 1 million doses of the vaccine, including the 500,000 doses recently committed by Gavi. Bavarian Nordics intends to make all doses available for supply before the end of 2024.

In the agreement, UNICEF has negotiated a price of up to $65 per vaccine dose, the lowest price in the market.

UNICEF says, 'The mpox virus does not discriminate. Anyone exposed to the virus can become infected, and children, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women are at risk of severe disease.'

Paul Chaplin, President & CEO of Bavarian Nordic, said in a press release on September 26, 2024, “Combined with donations by various governments, institutions, and Bavarian Nordic, this agreement has helped to secure more than 2.5 million doses of MVA-BN, thus fulfilling the short-term requirement as expressed by the Africa CDC."

MVA-BN or Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic is the only non-replicating mpox - smallpox vaccine approved in the U.S., Switzerland, Singapore, Mexico (marketed as JYNNEOS®), Canada (IMVAMUNE®), and the EU/EAA and United Kingdom (IMVANEX®). 

In the U.S., JYNNEOS vaccines are commercially offered at health clinics and pharmacies.