Vaccine News

Vaccine news brought to you by Precision Vaccinations.

Sep 20, 2024 • 6:38 am CDT
Florida Health Dept - RSV map September 2024

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently reported that Respiratory Virus (RSV) activity remained low but is expected to increase.

In the U.S., the annual RSV season usually begins in Florida and then migrates to the southeast, later to the north and west regions. 

As of September 17, 2024, week #37, the Florida Department of Health reported increasing RSV positivity rates, decreasing hospital admissions, and no RSV outbreaks.

A recent study found that over the past few years, about 53% of children were infected with RSV during infancy, and 2.8% were hospitalized. 

Unlike previous RSV seasons, the U.S. is well prepared to reduce the impact of this respiratory disease.

As of September 20, 2024, three RSV vaccines have been approved, and the CDC recommends a passive immunization (Beyfortus™ (Nirsevimab-alip) for most infants. Based on each state, these U.S. FDA-approved products are offered at health clinics and pharmacies. 

Sep 20, 2024 • 3:07 am CDT
Google maps 2024

The global dengue fever outbreak recently reached one of the most populated cities in the United States.

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health announced it is investigating its third locally acquired dengue case in the City of Baldwin Park.

This is an unprecedented number of locally transmitted cases for a region of over 12 million people where mosquitoes have not previously transmitted dengue.

"The City of Baldwin Park is aware of the recent cases of locally acquired dengue in our community. While the risk of transmission remains low, we must take this situation seriously and act proactively," said Mayor Emmanuel J. Estrada, who serves as a trustee representing Baldwin Park on the San Gabriel Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District board, in a press release on September 18, 2024.

In 2024, the U.S. CDC confirmed that 50 jurisdictions, led by California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, and Puerto Rico, had reported 5,027 dengue cases as of September 20, 2024.

In the Region of the Americas, 43 countries and territories have reported over 11,712,499 dengue cases and 6,500 related deaths this year.

While dengue is a vaccine-preventable disease, no vaccine is currently available in the United States. However, Takeda's QDENGA® is an approved two-dose vaccine in about 40 countries.

Sep 19, 2024 • 2:45 pm CDT
by Brigitte Werner

GSK plc recently announced topline Phase 3 clinical trial data for a combination regimen of two of its vaccines: the RSV vaccine Arexvy and Shingrix, a market-leading shingles shot.

While GSK did not provide specific clinical trial (NCT05966090) data in its September 18, 2024 announcement, the company did confirm that co-administering Arexvy with Shingrix resulted in a “non-inferior immune response” compared with inoculation with the vaccines at separate visits.

The vaccine combo was also well-tolerated with an “acceptable” safety profile, according to GSK.

This is essential news as both RSV and shingles pose significant health risks to older adults, and these risks only increase with age as the immune system declines.

“With our co-administration studies, GSK is using its science and technology to help remove barriers to adult immunization, by potentially reducing the number of visits to the healthcare offices and pharmacies and ultimately help to get ahead of RSV and shingles,” Led Friedland, GSK’s vice president of scientific affairs and public health, said in the statement.

Results from this trial will be submitted for peer-reviewed scientific publication and used to support regulatory submissions to the U.S. FDA, the European Medicines Agency, and other regulators.

Sep 19, 2024 • 2:19 pm CDT
US CDC Sept 2024

According to a Research Letter, Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024, published in Emerging Infectious Diseases, 53.4% of infants were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during infancy, and 2.8% were hospitalized.

The Risk factors for RSV infection during infancy, in order of contribution, were:

  • Infant birth month (June vs. referent October, OR 2.42 [95% CI 1.78–3.29]),
  • Presence of siblings (OR 1.50 [95% CI 1.22–1.84]),
  • Daycare attendance (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.24–1.93]),
  • Increasing percentage below the poverty level in the residential neighborhood (21% vs. 8%; OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.05–1.36]), and
  • Public insurance (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.02–1.62).

The researchers determined secondhand smoke exposure, sex, ever being breastfed, maternal asthma, and study year were not significantly associated with the likelihood of infant RSV infection.

In conclusion, 'our data are important estimates of RSV disease's burden and infection risk factors in healthy-term infants. Our findings provide a benchmark to monitor the effects of recently available maternal vaccines in the United States and extended half-life monoclonal antibodies (Beyfortus™) for preventing severe RSV illness in early life.'

As of 2023, the U.S. CDC says that infants and children who are recommended to receive Beyfortus should be immunized as quickly as possible.

Sep 18, 2024 • 9:57 am CDT
Google maps Sept. 2024

According to the Times of India, 267 chikungunya cases were reported in Mumbai, India, between July and September 14, 2024. This data indicates India may exceed last year's 200,000 reported chikungunya cases.

BMC's health update on September 16, 2024, stated that doctors have confirmed that patients with mosquito-borne diseases, dengue, and chikungunya are being admitted to the Mumbai hospital with complaints of very high fever, vomiting, and severe body aches.

"Patients with chikungunya are literally bedridden due to debilitating joint pain and high temperatures,'' Dr Gautam Bhansali from Bombay Hospital informed the TOI.

The public health concern is that this viral disease may spread within Mumbai's 12 million residents.

Chikungunya disease was initially reported in India in 1963, and as of September 2024, every part of the country has become endemic.

The U.S. CDC stated in 2024 that the Chikungunya vaccination may be considered for certain visitors in India. The CDC recommends prospective travelers to India speak with a travel vaccine expert about Valneva SE's IXCHIQ® single-dose, live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine, at least one month before departure.

About 1.3 million U.S. travelers visited India last year.

IXCHIQ is available at various health clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.

Sep 18, 2024 • 9:17 am CDT
from Pixabay 2024

Bavarian Nordic A/S and Gavi today announced an advance purchase agreement (APA) to secure 500,000 doses of the MVA-BN® mpox vaccine (JYNNEOS® or IMVANEX®).

These vaccines are being supplied to African countries impacted by the current mpox clade 1 outbreak.

Bavarian Nordic is ready to supply the mpox/smallpox vaccines pending signing a supply agreement with UNICEF, Gavi’s alliance partner, which will deliver these doses in 2024.

Paul Chaplin, President & CEO of Bavarian Nordic, commented in a press release on September 18, 2024, “The doses secured through this APA will significantly increase the availability of mpox vaccines for African countries, and we are pleased that Gavi has selected our MVA-BN vaccine, which has proven highly effective during the global mpox (clade 2) outbreak in 2022.”

The vaccines will be funded by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance's First Response Fund, a new financial mechanism created in June 2024 to make cash available to purchase vaccines in health emergencies rapidly.

As of September 2024, there are four mpox vaccines available globally.

Sep 18, 2024 • 4:53 am CDT
Pixabay 2024

Based on today's announcement by Valneva SE, adolescents may soon have access to the only approved chikungunya vaccine. This is essential news as the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has now been identified in over 110 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. 

On September 18, 2024, Valneva submitted label extension applications to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Health Canada to potentially expand the use of its approved chikungunya vaccine, IXCHIQ®, to adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Europe and Canada.

The Canadian label extension application also includes two-year antibody persistence data, a key differentiator for IXCHIQ® that was already included in the initial EMA filing.

Valneva expects to submit data to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2024 to support potential label extensions in the U.S.

IXCHIQ is currently approved in the U.S., Europe, and Canada to prevent disease caused by mosquito-spreading CHIKV in individuals 18 and older.

In the U.S., the commercial launch is underway, as IXCHIQ is available at health clinics and pharmacies.

First sales in Canada and Europe are anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2024.

In addition to ramping up sales, Valneva is focused on expanding the vaccine’s label and access.

The Company expects a marketing authorization in Brazil in the second half of 2024 and recently expanded its partnership with The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) to support broader access to the vaccine in Low Middle-Income Countries, post-marketing trials, and potential label extensions in children, adolescents, and pregnant women.

CEPI previously confirmed it will provide Valneva up to $41.3 million of additional funding over the next five years, with support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe program.

Juan Carlos Jaramillo, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Valneva, commented in a press release, “Given the substantial risk that chikungunya presents to individuals residing in or traveling to endemic regions, it’s imperative to ensure the vaccine is available to all age groups."

"This broader accessibility would certainly help provide protection and mitigate the burden of this debilitating illness, which is currently spreading in areas that were previously unaffected."

"The durability of the immune response is also extremely important, especially for endemic countries where access to immunization can be difficult.”

EMA and Health Canada’s label extension applications are based on positive six-month adolescent Phase 3 data the Company reported in May 2024. These data showed that a single-dose vaccination with IXCHIQ® induces a high and sustained immune response in 99.1% of adolescents and that the vaccine was generally well tolerated. 

The Lancet Infectious Diseases also recently published an article showing that the vaccine was well tolerated in adolescents aged 12 to 17 28 days after a single injection, regardless of previous CHIKV infection.

In addition to the adolescent data, Health Canada’s label extension application included IXCHIQ®‘s antibody persistence data, which showed that 97% of participants sustained the vaccine’s immune response for 24 months and was equally durable in younger and older adults.

Valneva expects to publish 36 months of persistence data later in 2024.

Sep 17, 2024 • 6:09 am CDT
PSU football 2024

The Portland State University (PSU) and the South Dakota football game on September 14, 2024, was canceled due to a pertussis (whopping cough) outbreak.

Portland State announced a case of pertussis got into the Viking team two days before game day. As a result, many team members have been exposed to the highly contagious disease that affects the lungs. As a precaution, all PSU players exposed to the virus have begun a five-day course of antibiotics.

Portland State determined that the game in Oregon would not be played in the interest of student-athletes' health.

PSU team physicians Dr. Melissa Novak and Dr. Jacqueline Brady, employed by Oregon Health & Science University Sports Medicine, collaborate closely with the Multnomah County Health Department and the Oregon Health Authority to ensure the safety of the PSU community and the teams and universities. PSU will compete against them in the future.

The Vikings are scheduled to play at Boise State on September 21, 2024.

In 2024, reported cases of pertussis increased across the United States. Preliminary data published by the U.S. CDC show that more than four times as many cases have been reported as of August 17, 2024, compared to the same time in 2023, and higher than in 2019.

The CDC says vaccination is the best defense to prevent pertussis, a vaccine-preventable disease. Various vaccines are offered at health clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.

Sep 17, 2024 • 4:47 am CDT
from Pixabay

According to an analysis from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and published by NEJM Evidence on September 13, 2024, SIGA Technologies, Inc. mpox treatment tecovirimat (TPOXX®) safety and effectiveness against the monkeypox virus clade 2 virus can't be determined from data.

CDC researchers evaluated data from over 7,100 patients prescribed tecovirimat, a virostatic antiviral drug, from May 29, 2022, through July 10, 2023.

They wrote, 'Although relatively few serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported, because of the passive nature of reporting, we cannot definitively conclude that tecovirimat treatment was always safe. Similar to data from case reports and other published observational studies, our data, in the absence of comparison data from untreated patients, cannot be used to infer clinical effectiveness, or lack thereof, of tecovirimat treatment.'

Overall, 223 SAEs and 40 deaths were reported. Most events were among patients who were severely immunocompromised.

Despite the inclusion of many patients with severe disease for whom the CDC was consulted, outcomes were favorable for most of the treated patients in this cohort.

This analysis did not review the current mpox clade 1 outbreak impacting countries in Africa.

Sep 17, 2024 • 4:20 am CDT
WHO NIV Case map

According to media reporting, a student in southern India has died after being infected with the Nipah virus. As of September 14, 2024, 151 people in contact with the student are now being monitored.

India reported its last fatal Nipah case in July 2024.

According to the World Helath Organization (WHO), the first Nipah virus disease outbreak in India was reported in Siliguri in 2001. State authorities alerted Mysuru, Mangaluru, Chamarajanagar, and Kodagu districts in Karnataka, which borders Kerala state.

Currently, the WHO and other health agencies have not issued travel advisories regarding Nipah outbreaks.

The WHO says Nipah has a relatively high case-fatality ratio and is an emerging zoonotic disease of public health importance in the South East Asia and Western Pacific WHO Regions. It was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998.

In June 2023, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations invested up to U.S. $100 million in four Nipah vaccine candidate projects. These candidates include live-attenuated and replication-defective recombinant vaccine platforms based on poxviruses, VSV, adenovirus, measles, rabies, and virus-like particles and subunit vaccines.

As of September 17, 2024, neither the U.S. Food and Drug Administration nor the European Medicines Agency has authorized a vaccine candidate for the Nipah virus, but clinical trials are ongoing.

 

Sep 16, 2024 • 2:15 pm CDT
from Pixabay

With over 723 deaths from different mpox outbreaks in 14 countries of the African Region, the World Health Organization (WHO) has expanded access to one mpox vaccine.

On September 13, 2024, the WHO announced Bavarian Nordic A/S's MVA-BN (JYNNEOS®) vaccine is the first vaccine against mpox to be added to its prequalification list.

“The WHO prequalification of the MVA-BN vaccine will help accelerate ongoing procurement of the mpox vaccines by governments and international agencies such as Gavi and Unicef to help communities on the frontlines of the ongoing emergency in Africa and beyond,” said Dr. Yukiko Nakatani, WHO Assistant Director-General for Access to Medicines and Health Products, in a press release.

While MVA-BN is currently not licensed for persons under 18, this vaccine may be used “off-label” in infants, children, adolescents, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people. This means vaccine use is recommended in outbreak settings where the benefits of vaccination outweigh the potential risks.

Additionally, the WHO also recommends single-dose use in supply-constrained outbreak situations. 

Dr. Rogerio Gaspar, WHO Director for Regulation and Prequalification. “We are progressing with prequalification and emergency use listing procedures with manufacturers of two other mpox vaccines: LC-16 and ACAM2000."

The escalating mpox clade 1 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other countries was declared an emergency by the WHO Director-General on August 14, 2024. 

As of mid-Agust 2024, the United States has not reported mpox clade 1 cases, but the JYNNEOS vaccine is commercially available at select clinics and pharmacies.

Sep 16, 2024 • 1:20 pm CDT
ReVAMPP clinical/hospital/study and laboratory locations 2024

Albert Einstein College of Medicine recently announced it received a five-year, $14 million per year grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to participate in a broad national effort to develop "plug-and-play" vaccines and antibody-based therapies against a wide range of emerging viruses.

The Einstein-led consortium, called PROVIDENT (Prepositioning Optimized Strategies for Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics Against Diverse Emerging Infectious Threats), will link 13 teams in academia, government, and industry that will conduct four projects designed to:

Discover and analyze virus-host interactions and the molecular mechanisms involved in viral disease,

Design proteins to elicit antiviral immune responses and then evaluate and optimize those responses,

Create “road maps” for quickly developing RNA vaccines against microbes with pandemic potential, and

Map the antibody responses observed in people infected with viruses and use this knowledge to design vaccines and therapeutics.

PROVIDENT builds on NIAID’s 2021 Pandemic Preparedness Plan, which focuses on “priority pathogens” and “prototype pathogens.” Priority pathogens include viruses known to cause significant human illness or death, such as dengue and Ebola.

“Recent outbreaks of mpox, Nipah virus, and Eastern equine encephalitis, among other viral infections, underscore the need for an even broader preparedness program,” said Eva Mittler, Ph.D., research assistant professor at Einstein and leader of one of the PROVIDENT components, in a press release on September 13, 2024.

“We don't know what virus will cause the next pandemic.”

The $70 million grant is part of NIAID’s new Research and Development of Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies for Pandemic Preparedness (ReVAMPP) Network.

The ReVAMPP network focuses on viruses from the Flaviviridae family, which features viruses that cause dengue and yellow fever; the Paramyxoviridae family, which contains viruses that cause measles, mumps, and Nipah-induced encephalitis; the Picornaviridae family, whose members cause poliomyelitis, foot-and-mouth disease, and myocarditis; the Togaviridae family, which contains viruses that induce Chikungunya virus-induced arthralgia or encephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis; as well as viruses from 5 different families within the Bunyavirales order, including Sin Nombre virus from the Hantaviridae family and the viruses that cause Rift Valley Fever (Phenuiviridae), Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (Nairoviridae), Oropouche Fever (Peribunyaviridae), and Lassa Fever (Arenaviridae).

Sep 16, 2024 • 12:16 pm CDT
WHO Cholera case map

Bavarian Nordic today announced the commercial availability of Vaxchora® (CVD 103-HgR), the only single-dose oral vaccine approved in Canada to protect against cholera.

For approximately 10% of people infected with cholera, a sudden and severe intestinal infection marked by acute watery diarrhea, a severe presentation of cholera can rapidly cause dehydration and death if left untreated.

Nearly 4 million cases of cholera occur during outbreaks annually. The number of reported cholera-related deaths increased by 71% in 2023 compared to 2022.

“To help (Canadians) prevent illness while traveling internationally, we are expanding our vaccine offerings to include protection against cholera. Healthcare providers can now offer this new vaccine option to travelers who plan to visit countries where cholera is present,” said Karinne Lacombe, Canada Country Director, Bavarian Nordic, in a press release on September 16, 2024.

Cholera is endemic to approximately 50 countries and is common in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. The Southeast Asia region, which includes Bangladesh and India, has the largest populations at risk for cholera. 

While cholera is most commonly transmitted by consuming contaminated water, it may also be acquired from eating raw or undercooked food, especially fish and shellfish.

Other cholera vaccines, such as Valneva SE's oral, inactivated DUKORAL® vaccine, will be available globally in 2024. According to the World Health Organization, two doses of Dukoral® provide protection against cholera for two years.

Most cholera cases in the United States are linked to international travel, such as to Haiti.

Travel vaccine experts offer cholera vaccination advice at clinics and pharmacies in the U.S.

Sep 16, 2024 • 9:16 am CDT
by Alisa Dyson

As the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity ramps up for the 2024-2025 season, more children will have access to an innovative therapy this year.

Sanofi U.S. announced today that it is shipping BEYFORTUS™ 50mg and 100mg injection doses to private healthcare providers in the United States.

BEYFORTUS (Nirsevimab-alip) is the first and only long-acting monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in newborns and infants born during or entering their first RSV season and for children up to 24 months of age who remain vulnerable to severe RSV disease through their second RSV season.

BEYFORTUS is not an RSV vaccine but offers passive immunization.

Bridgewater, N.J.-based Sanofi stated it anticipates having enough supply so that every eligible baby born outside of the season will have access to immunization at a regular checkup, and those born during the season will have access at birth.

Thomas Grenier, Head of Vaccines, North America, Sanofi, commented in a press release on September 16, 2024, "We're proud to offer BEYFORTUS doses to help protect every eligible baby in the U.S. this RSV season."

"This upcoming season, we look forward to BEYFORTUS offering its demonstrated real-world protection to as many infants as possible."

Sanofi also took additional measures to ensure greater readiness for this season by launching the BEYFORTUS Reservation Program, which provides critical insight into private healthcare provider demand and allows for prioritized fulfillment of requests placed through the program.

Furthermore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vaccines for Children program will help ensure that the majority of doses are available before RSV season.

As of May 2024, about 41% of women with young infants reported that their child had received BEYFORTUS.

This announcement is essential as RSV is a highly contagious virus that can lead to serious respiratory illness in infants. Two out of three infants are infected with RSV during their first year of life, and almost all children are infected by their second birthday. 

Sep 15, 2024 • 1:21 pm CDT
ECDC Chikungunya case map August 2024

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease was first reported in the Republic of India in 1963 and has since spread to all parts of the subcontinent, becoming endemic. This health risk is seldom discussed, with over 9 million people visiting India, including about 1.5 million people from the United States.

As of early September 2024, India's health department had reported 69,395 cases of CHIKV this year. At this rate, India may exceed last year's unfortunate outbreak record of 200,064 CHIKV cases, which was the most significant number reported in Asia.

For example, the Times of India reported on September 14, 2024, that chikungunya cases had spiked in Maharashtra. By September 7, 2024, there were 2,643 cases, surpassing the 1,702 recorded in 2023, representing a 55% increase in just nine months.

This year, Pakistan (1,302), The Maldives (389), and Thailand (280) have also reported increases in CHIKV cases in the Asia/Pacific region.

As of early August 2024, approximately 450,000 CHIKV cases and over 160 deaths have been reported worldwide. 

To alert international travelers, the U.S. CDC recently stated that the Chikungunya vaccination (Valneva SE's IXCHIQ®) may be considered for certain visitors and long-term residents in 2024.

The CDC also recommended long-term visitors to India consider Japanese encephalitis vaccination (IXIARO® JESPECT®).

These vaccines are generally available at travel clinics and pharmacies in the U.S. and should be administered at least one month before traveling abroad.